Semester Reflection

During this semester, I learned a lot about graphic design. I learned many tools and effects and programs within Illustrator and Photoshop. Now I really appericiate what graphic designers do because I found some of the things we did hard. Next semester, I would like to learn to do more collages and be able to use colors in our designs. I would also like to do more things using the pen tool and like the cross the road assignment.

Review Week 17

Yes I did learn something. I learned new vocab words like counter, bowl, spine, terminal, stem, and ligature. I also learned that serifs are just the parts that extend, not the entire dash/line at teh bottom of a letter. I aslo learned the difference between adnate and abrupt serifs.

Review Week 16

How many points are in an inch? How many points are in a pica?
72 points in an inch, 12 points in a pica
Of the seven classifications, which classification(s) would best work as body type? Why?
San serif or modern typeface because they are both simple enough, and they are commonly used.
Identify the lowercase characters that have ascenders?
b, d, f, h, i, j, k, l, & t
Identify the lowercase characters that have descenders?j, p, & q
Classify the following typefaces and briefly explain why you believe it should be classified that way:

Sans Serif

Slab Serif

Old style

Decorative

Blackletter

Script

Modern

Podcast #4 Typography

Define typography.
Typography is the art of expressing ideas through the selection of appropriate typefaces.
Where did the word "typography" originate from?
Greek- form-writing
What does typography involve?
the selection of appropriate fonts, sizes, spaces
What is a typeface?
Typefaces are distinctive designs of visual symbols that are used to compose a printed image/design.
What is another term for typeface?
Font
What is a character?
Characters are individual symbols that make up a typeface.
What is type style?
Type styles are modifications in a typeface that create design variety while maintaining the visual style of the typeface.
What does type style "create" within a design?
It creates bold, italic, condensed, roman, and heavy typefaces.
What is the waist line and what does it indicate?
the imaginary line at the middle of the characters
What is a base line and what does it indicate?
the imaginary line at the bottom of the characters
What is an ascender?
the part of the character that extends above the waist line
What is a descender?
the part of the character that extends below the base line
Describe a serif.
A serif is a smaller line used to finish off main stroke of a letter, usually at the top of the character.
How can the size of the typeface be identified?
by changing the point size
What is a point?
the smallest unit of measure, subdivision of a pica
How many points are in an inch?
72
What is a pica and how many are in an inch?
a unit of measure, 6 picas are in an inch
How many points are in a pica?
12
What is body type and where can it be found?
type sizes that range from 4pt. to 12pt.
What is the key to selecting appropriate typefaces to be used as body type?
Readability
What is display type and how is it used?
headlines, sub-headlines and its above 14pt.
What is reverse type and when would it be used?
consistant white type on a dark background, and its used to call attention to the viewer
What is a typeface classification?
a way of categorizing different type
When was Blackletter invented and how was it used?
it was used in the printing press
Describe the characteristics of a Blackletter typeface.
ornamental, thick and thin strokes
When was Old Style invneted and what was is based on?
to replaced black-letter
Describe the characteristics of an Old Style typeface.
have serifs, thick and thin elements
When were formal scripts developed?
from handwriting
When were casual scripts developed?
a few centuries after formal
Describe the characteristics of a Script typeface.
handwriting
When was Modern typefaces developed and why?

Describe the characteristics of a Modern typeface.
extreme thick and thin, serifs
How early can Sans Serif typefaces be found? What happened?
5th century
When did they become popular?
1920s
What does "sans serif" mean?
without serif
Describe the characteristics of a Sans Serif typeface.
no serif, uniform weight, monotone
When was Slab Serif developed and why?
1800s, for advertising
Describe the characteristics of a Slab Serif typeface.
thick, chunky serifs
Describe decorative typefaces.
can't be classified
Why were they developed?
for specific themes
What are they best used for?
specific themes

Review Week 14

5 colleges that offer graphic design majors.

1)

Name: West Virginia University

Location: Morgantown, West Virginia

Graphics majors offered: Graphic Design

Requirements for admission: Submit portfolio, complete high school or have GED

2)

Name: Ringling College of Art and Design

Location: Sarasota, Florida

Graphics majors offered:Advertising Design, Business of Art & Design, Computer Animation, Digital Filmmaking, Game Art & Design, Graphic & Interactive Communication, Illustration, Interior Design, Motion Design, Photography, & Digital Imaging

Requirements for admission: Submit portfolio, GED

3)

Name: Minneapolis College of Art and Design

Location: Minneapolis, MN

Graphics majors offered: 2D, 3D.  Art and Design History

Requirements for admission: Application, portfolio, letters of recommendation, artist statement, application fee

4)

Name: California College of the Arts

Location: San Francisco and Oakland

Graphics majors offered: Graphic Design

Requirements for admission: portfolio, GED

5)

Name: University of the Arts

Location: Philadelphia

Graphics majors offered: Graphic Design

Requirements for admission: 2.0 GPA, A minimum TOEFL score of 550 pbt/80 ibt or a score of 6.0 on the IELTS is required, Portfolio

What is a portfolio?
Art that you did to represent what you made that you bring to show colleges.
What is the importance of a portfolio?
It shows the college what you do and what you can do.

Review Week 13

Repetition- The pirtues of Marilyn are repeated throughout the design, but each is different.



Unity- Similar colors are used as well as shapes are used in this design to give the design a feeling of unity.



Variety- Iin this design, different colors are used for the flowers. This variety makes the design more interesting than it would be if the colors were all the same.



Contrast- The light backgorund helps this dark car to stand out.




Rhythm- This deisgn uses similar lines to direct the viewers attention throughtout the design.



Emphasis- The lighter hot air balloons stand out against the darker background in order to make the viewer look at the hot air balloons first.

Balance- The thickness of the letters differs in this design to give it a more interesting feeling.

Scale- The books are sized in order to make it look like they are comig towards the viewer. The books that are smaller are supposed to look like they're farther away, and visa versa.

How do you add a layer mask to a particular layer?
by clicking on the icon on the bottom of the layers palette that looks like a circle in a square
What two colors are used to create the mask?
black and white
Describe the process of using a layer mask.
Layer masks hide selected parts of an image. Black takes away, and white brings back.

Stephen Kroninger

What kind of art/design does he produce?
He makes art by cutting out pictures/patterns from magazines. He then puts the together to make images or designs.
In what publications/media studios has his work been featured?
The Museum of Modern Art
Post 2 samples of his work. Answer the following questions for each piece...

Was this piece published? Where?

Yes, in The New Yorker

What principles of design were utilized in this piece? How?

Balance, Unity

What elements of design were utilized?
size, shape, texture, color

Was this piece published? Where?

What principles of design were utilized in this piece? How?

Balance, Contrast

What elements of design were utilized?
size, shape, texture, color

Review Week 12

How can you, as the designer, use principles of design to compose a page?
A designer can direct the viewers eye and help to maintain interest. They also vring variety to a design.
What are the principles of design (define each in your own words)?
Repetition- using an element multiple times
Scale- the size of elements
Balance- how heavy or light elements are
Variety- using a range of elements
Figure- positive space
Contrast- makign elements different
Emphasis- to direct intrest to one area
Unity- making all the elements work together

Podcast 3 Principles of Design

Define principles of design.
concepts used to arrange the elements of a design/compositionWhat do the principles of design affect?
the message of the work
What is the principle of repetition?
repeating an element of the design throughout the design
Describe ways that the principle of repetition helps the composition/audience.
It controls the reader's eye and keeps attention on the piece
What are ways that you can incorporate repetition into your designs?
repeat font, line, boldness of font, color, design element, spacingWhat should you avoid when working with repetition?do not repeat teh element so much that it becomes overwhelmingWhat is the principle of proportion/scale?the relative size and scale of various elements in a designWhat is the most universal standard of measure when judging size?the human bodyHow can the principle of proportion/scale be used as an attention getter?by making an unexpected scale





What is the principle of balance?the distribution of heavt and light elements on the pageWhich kinds of elements/shapes visually weigh heavier/greater?large elements and irregular shapesWhat is another name for symmetrical balance?formal balanceDefine symmetrical balance.when the weight of a compostion is evenly distributed around a vertical or horizontal axisWhat is another name for asymmetrical balance?informal balanceDefine asymmetrical balance.when the weight is not evenly distributed around an axisWhat is the principle of emphasis?stressing a certain area of focusWhat happens to a design that has no focus?nothing stands outWhat is a focal point and how is it created?A focal point is where a viewer's eye goes first, and it can be created with a sudden change in size, direction, etc.How many components of a composition can be a focal point?oneWhat ways can emphasis be created in a design?with a sudden chnage in size, shape, texutre, direction, color, tone, or lineWhat is the principle of unity?the wholeness of a compositionWhat three ways can unity be obtained?1. by putting objects close to each other

2. by using similar textures

3. by using a line that trvels around the design
What is the principle of variety?the use of differences and diversityWhat ways can a designer add variety to a design?they can use different textures, colors, and shapesWhy is it important to find the right balance between unity and variety?because too much unity creates a boring design and too much variety creates a chaotic feelWhat is figure?a form, silhouette, or shapeWhat is another name for figure?positive spaceWhat is ground?the surrounding area around a figureWhat is another name for ground?negative spaceWhen a composition is abstract (has no recognizable subject) what will the figure depend on? What does that mean?It will depend on the relationship between visual elements, and this is the relationship between positive and negative space.Why must a designer consider the composition as a whole?because the desing needs to look clean and not too busyWhat is the principle of rhythm?a continuity or organixed movement in space and timeHow is rhythm achieved?with orderly repetition os an elementWhat three ways can rhythm occur in a design?1. with similar size of length

2. using an organic sense of movement

3. sequence of shapes
How does rhythm help a composition/design?it controls the viewer's eye movement and add life to the pageWhat is the principle of contrast?2 elements that are differentHow can contrast help a design?it helps to guide the viewer's eyeWhat is wrong with having too much or too little contrast in a design?too much- confusing, too little- boredom
What is the key to working with contrast?make the differences obvious
What are some common ways of creating contrast?
create differences in size, value, color, type, texture, shape, alignment, direction, or movement

Potato Head

Andy Warhol

Within what are genre did Warhol work?
Pop art

Define the genre.
Art that began in the 1950s that used pop culture, such as newspapers, advertisements, TV, etc., t create a design.

During what years was he alive?
1928-1927

Post 2 samples of his art. Answer the following questions for each piece.

Title of the piece
Mickey Mouse
Describe the color that he utilizes. Does he use any particular color scheme?
He uses bright colors. These colors (purples, oranges, and blues) form a triadic color scheme.

What do you notice about the artwork itself?
The artwork is very bold and fun. It uses repeate images just as many of his pieces.

Title of the piece
LipsDescribe the color that he utilizes. Does he use any particular color scheme?
He uses reds and oranges. This color scheme is analogous.

What do you notice about the artwork itself?
It is simple, yet detailed. He repeated images, but in a less strucural way.

Review Week 10

Triadic



Analogous



Monocramtic

Complementary

Split complementary

Review Week 9

Compare and contrast vector graphics and pixel images.
Vector graphics can be resized without changinbg the quality of an image, while pixel images cannot. Vector graphics are created in Illustrator, and Pixel-based are created in Photoshop. Vector graphics are useful in logos. Raster based images are made up of many pixels.
What resolution is necessary to print raster images?
300ppi
What resolution is necessary to display raster images on the internet?
75ppi

Steve Jobs

Who is Steve Jobs?
The CEO and founder of Apple.
At what company was he CEO for many years?
Apple
What did he do for the computer industry?
He made modern designs for computers. Also, introduced a lot of new methods and inovations
How did this man impact the graphic design industry?
He made tools and programs to help the graphic deisgn industry.

Review Week 8

Why must designers pay close attention to how color is utilized within a composition?

Designers need to pay close attention to colors in a design in order to make the design look nice. Color schemes also help to convey certain moods and emotions within a design.

Why is the color wheel an important tool for graphic designers?

The color wheel helps designers to choose color schemes.

Neutral colors present in this deisgn are shades of brown and white. Neutral colors
help to give emphasis on the blue in the design and makes the words stand out more.

Briefly describe how we "see" color of an object?

Objects absorb or reflect colors in the visible light spectrum. The reflective light is what we see.

Review Week 7

The right use of color can do what?
maximize productivity, minimize visual fatigue, and relax the whole body

Within the electromagnetic spectrum, which waves allow us to see color?
visible light

Describe white light. equal parts of all the colors in the electromagnetic spectrum

How do we see color if objects "have no color of their own"? absorb/reflect color

What is a glass prism? transparent triangular object that breaks white light into all the different colors

What seven colors result when white light is refracted through a prism? Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet

Describe hue?
Hue is the color itself. Each different hue has a different reflected wavelength

When does white light occur?
When all the wavelengths are reflected back to your eye

When does black light occur? When no light is reflected back to your eye

How color is perceived depends on what?
the type of light that it is seen with

What is a color wheel?
visual tool that shows the relationship between primary, secondary, and tertiary colors

What are primary colors? Name them.
Can only be naturally created. Red, Yellow, & Blue

What are secondary colors? Name them.
Primary + Primary. Orange, Green, Violet

What are tertiary colors? Name them.  Primary + Secondary. Red-orange, yellow-orange, green-blue, yellow-green, blue-violet, red-violet

What are neutral colors? How can they be created? They aren't on the color wheel and have low saturation (low intensity). Can be created by mixing complementary colors. They are blacks, grays, whites, and browns.

How can a neutral color help a design? It help help promote/emphasize other colors in design.

What are complementary colors? Name them?
Positioned opposite of each other on the color wheel. They are: red & green, blue & orange, and yello & purple.

What is color value?

lightness and darkness of a hue or color
What is a shade? Adding black to a hue produces a low-value color

What is a tint?
Adding white to a hue produces a high-value color

What is saturation/intensity?
brightness of a color, full intensity when not mixed with black or white
What happens when you mix complementary colors together?

a dull tone

Describe color harmony.
pleasing to the eye, sense of order

What is a color scheme?

Describe a monochromatic color scheme?
tints, shades, and values of one color----clear, elegant, and easy on the eyes

Describe an analogous color scheme?
uses 3 colors adjacent to each other on the color wheel, one color is dominant, bright and cheery

Describe a complementary color scheme?
A color scheme using colors opposite from eachother on the color wheel.

Describe a split-complementary color scheme?
A color scheme using a color and the colors next to its complement.

Describe a triadic color scheme?
A color scheme using colors that form a trianlge on the color wheel.

What colors are considered to be warm colors?
yellows, oranges, reds

Describe a warm color scheme?
A color scheme using warm colors, such as red, orange, and yellow, that is bold and enegetic.
What colors are considered to be cool colors?

blues, greens, and violents

Describe a cool color scheme?
A color scheme using cool colors that creates a calm feeling.

Why is important to consider which colors are being used within a design?
Because different colors have different meanings, which will create a different tone or emotion.

Review Week 6

What is the pen tool used for?
to create lines and shapes that are unique
How can you manipulate a path/line? Discuss the use of the white arrow tool, pen+, pen -, and convert tool.
white arrow tool: you can use it to move anchors and handles
pen + : adds anchors
pen - : gets rid of anchors
convert tool: changes angles to curved lines or curved lines to angles
How can you utilize the layers palette in Illustrator?
layers can be used to lock pictures and have them not be affected by other additions
How do you create a clipping mask in Adobe Illustrator?
First, put a rectangle with no stroke and no fill around the are you want to keep. Then, go to the n=black arrow tool and select everything. Then go to object-clippmask-make.

Review Week 5

Line
This design uses line in a simple way to created a cartoon-ish ad. There are curved lines, straight lines, and swirled lines. Line helps to enhance the easiness and simplicity of the design, yet it is still interesting

Space
Space is used in this design all around the characters as the background.  The space helps to emphasize the characters. This emphasis helps to attract the audience (kids). The negative space brings your eye to the center of the page, where the characters are.

Shape
In this design, shape is used throughout the background. There are circles, stars, and rectangles. She is looking up in the direction of the shapes. Shape brings interest to this design and makes viewers more interested than the would be if it was just the girl.

Value
In this design, value brings one's interest wight to the triangle with the woman's eye. The surrounding space is all dark, and she is bright and white. The contrast in colors emphasizes her.

Texture
This design is for a company selling cookies/crackers. Each cracker has its own texture. Viewers can really see the texture of the crackers when they see the advertisement. It enhances the design by bringing the actual food's texture to the design and showing people was they are promoting in a creative way.

Review Week 4

Why/how can icons be used to communicate?

Icons will help to get the message across easier and faster. The icons will stand for something that can be understood by many different people.

Via the internet, find 2 examples of common icons that clearly communicate their message. Post both in this entry.

Handicap

Phone

What is the difference between copyright and public domain?

Public domain is available to the public (not subject to copyright), and copyright is when you have to get permission to use something.

How can you avoid plagiarism in this class? In other classes?

Plagiarism can be avoided by siting a source or just getting inspired by a piece & change it to make it yours. In other classes, you can use your own words and site the sources.

Review Week 3

What is OSHA? What do the letters stand for?
OSHA helps employers and employees to work in a safer environment with less injuries & illnesses on the job. OSHA stands for Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
How can graphic designers effectively communicate? In your own words, explain the communication process.
For graphic designers to effectively communicate, they need to be creative and prepared. They also need to be able to get their message across.
Understanding the history, culture, and movements of fine and graphic art will make you a better producer of visual messages. Why?
With being aware of history and culture, graphic designers can better apply their work to different time periods or styles. This will also help with client requests.

Podcast 1

What does it take to create good graphic design?

understanding the elements and principles of design
What is the difference between elements and principles?
principles tell us how to organize and arrange elements
Name the six (6) elements of design.
line, shape, value, space, color, texture
What can lines aid in, when alone or combined with  other lines or shapes?
readability, appearance and message of a deisgn
Which lines suggest a feeling of rest? Why do you think?
horizontal
Vertical lines communicate a feeling of what? Why do you think?
loftiness
What lines suggest a feeling of movement? Why do you think?
diagonal
Soft, shallow curved lines suggest what? Why do you think?
safety, comfort, relaxation
These lines suggest confusion and turbulence? Why do you think?
deep curves
What element defines a specific area of space?
shape
What is the difference between two dimensional shapes and three dimensional shapes?

2D- length x width 3D- length x width x height
Describe the difference between geometric shapes and organic shapes?
Geometric- structured (square, hexagon) Organic- natural shapes, irregular
What are abstract shapes?

stylized or over simplified versions of natural shapes

Which basic shape projects an attitude of honesty or equality? square, triangle, circle

What do triangles suggest?
action, stability

Circles convey feelings of what?
protection

Describe positive space and negative space? Positive- objects and elements Negative- space around and between objects and elements

What is texture? surface of design- paper or graphics giving the illusion of textured design

Incorporating texture into a design can help do what? richness and depth

What is value? degree of light and dark in a deisng

What is another name for value?
tone

What can the element of color do when incorporated into a design?
convey moods, attract attention, identify objects -- it can be applied to any other element