Define typography.
Typography is the art of expressing ideas through the selection of appropriate typefaces.
Where did the word "typography" originate from?
Greek- form-writing
What does typography involve?
the selection of appropriate fonts, sizes, spaces
What is a typeface?
Typefaces are distinctive designs of visual symbols that are used to compose a printed image/design.
What is another term for typeface?
Font
What is a character?
Characters are individual symbols that make up a typeface.
What is type style?
Type styles are modifications in a typeface that create design variety while maintaining the visual style of the typeface.
What does type style "create" within a design?
It creates bold, italic, condensed, roman, and heavy typefaces.
What is the waist line and what does it indicate?
the imaginary line at the middle of the characters
What is a base line and what does it indicate?
the imaginary line at the bottom of the characters
What is an ascender?
the part of the character that extends above the waist line
What is a descender?
the part of the character that extends below the base line
Describe a serif.
A serif is a smaller line used to finish off main stroke of a letter, usually at the top of the character.
How can the size of the typeface be identified?
by changing the point size
What is a point?
the smallest unit of measure, subdivision of a pica
How many points are in an inch?
72
What is a pica and how many are in an inch?
a unit of measure, 6 picas are in an inch
How many points are in a pica?
12
What is body type and where can it be found?
type sizes that range from 4pt. to 12pt.
What is the key to selecting appropriate typefaces to be used as body type?
Readability
What is display type and how is it used?
headlines, sub-headlines and its above 14pt.
What is reverse type and when would it be used?
consistant white type on a dark background, and its used to call attention to the viewer
What is a typeface classification?
a way of categorizing different type
When was Blackletter invented and how was it used?
it was used in the printing press
Describe the characteristics of a Blackletter typeface.
ornamental, thick and thin strokes
When was Old Style invneted and what was is based on?
to replaced black-letter
Describe the characteristics of an Old Style typeface.
have serifs, thick and thin elements
When were formal scripts developed?
from handwriting
When were casual scripts developed?
a few centuries after formal
Describe the characteristics of a Script typeface.
handwriting
When was Modern typefaces developed and why?
Describe the characteristics of a Modern typeface.
extreme thick and thin, serifs
How early can Sans Serif typefaces be found? What happened?
5th century
When did they become popular?
1920s
What does "sans serif" mean?
without serif
Describe the characteristics of a Sans Serif typeface.
no serif, uniform weight, monotone
When was Slab Serif developed and why?
1800s, for advertising
Describe the characteristics of a Slab Serif typeface.
thick, chunky serifs
Describe decorative typefaces.
can't be classified
Why were they developed?
for specific themes
What are they best used for?
specific themes
Tuesday, November 29, 2011
Wednesday, November 23, 2011
Review Week 14
5 colleges that offer graphic design majors.
What is a portfolio?
Art that you did to represent what you made that you bring to show colleges.
What is the importance of a portfolio?
It shows the college what you do and what you can do.
1)
Name: West Virginia University
Location: Morgantown, West Virginia
Graphics majors offered: Graphic Design
Requirements for admission: Submit portfolio, complete high school or have GED
2)
Name: Ringling College of Art and Design
Location: Sarasota, Florida
Graphics majors offered:Advertising Design, Business of Art & Design, Computer Animation, Digital Filmmaking, Game Art & Design, Graphic & Interactive Communication, Illustration, Interior Design, Motion Design, Photography, & Digital Imaging
Requirements for admission: Submit portfolio, GED
3)
Name: Minneapolis College of Art and Design
Location: Minneapolis, MN
Graphics majors offered: 2D, 3D. Art and Design History
Requirements for admission: Application, portfolio, letters of recommendation, artist statement, application fee
4)
Name: California College of the Arts
Location: San Francisco and Oakland
Graphics majors offered: Graphic Design
Requirements for admission: portfolio, GED
5)
Name: University of the Arts
Location: Philadelphia
Graphics majors offered: Graphic Design
Requirements for admission: 2.0 GPA, A minimum TOEFL score of 550 pbt/80 ibt or a score of 6.0 on the IELTS is required, Portfolio
What is a portfolio?
Art that you did to represent what you made that you bring to show colleges.
What is the importance of a portfolio?
It shows the college what you do and what you can do.
Review Week 13
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| Repetition- The pirtues of Marilyn are repeated throughout the design, but each is different. |
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| Unity- Similar colors are used as well as shapes are used in this design to give the design a feeling of unity. |
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| Variety- Iin this design, different colors are used for the flowers. This variety makes the design more interesting than it would be if the colors were all the same. |
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| Contrast- The light backgorund helps this dark car to stand out. |
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| Rhythm- This deisgn uses similar lines to direct the viewers attention throughtout the design. |
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| Emphasis- The lighter hot air balloons stand out against the darker background in order to make the viewer look at the hot air balloons first. |
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| Balance- The thickness of the letters differs in this design to give it a more interesting feeling. |
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| Scale- The books are sized in order to make it look like they are comig towards the viewer. The books that are smaller are supposed to look like they're farther away, and visa versa. |
How do you add a layer mask to a particular layer?
by clicking on the icon on the bottom of the layers palette that looks like a circle in a square
What two colors are used to create the mask?
black and white
Describe the process of using a layer mask.
Layer masks hide selected parts of an image. Black takes away, and white brings back.
Monday, November 7, 2011
Stephen Kroninger
What kind of art/design does he produce?
He makes art by cutting out pictures/patterns from magazines. He then puts the together to make images or designs.
In what publications/media studios has his work been featured?
The Museum of Modern Art
Post 2 samples of his work. Answer the following questions for each piece...
size, shape, texture, color
He makes art by cutting out pictures/patterns from magazines. He then puts the together to make images or designs.
In what publications/media studios has his work been featured?
The Museum of Modern Art
Post 2 samples of his work. Answer the following questions for each piece...
Was this piece published? Where?
Yes, in The New Yorker
What principles of design were utilized in this piece? How?
Balance, Unity
What elements of design were utilized?size, shape, texture, color
Was this piece published? Where?
What principles of design were utilized in this piece? How?
Balance, Contrast
What elements of design were utilized?
size, shape, texture, color
size, shape, texture, color
Review Week 12
How can you, as the designer, use principles of design to compose a page?
A designer can direct the viewers eye and help to maintain interest. They also vring variety to a design.
What are the principles of design (define each in your own words)?
Repetition- using an element multiple times
Scale- the size of elements
Balance- how heavy or light elements are
Variety- using a range of elements
Figure- positive space
Contrast- makign elements different
Emphasis- to direct intrest to one area
Unity- making all the elements work together
A designer can direct the viewers eye and help to maintain interest. They also vring variety to a design.
What are the principles of design (define each in your own words)?
Repetition- using an element multiple times
Scale- the size of elements
Balance- how heavy or light elements are
Variety- using a range of elements
Figure- positive space
Contrast- makign elements different
Emphasis- to direct intrest to one area
Unity- making all the elements work together
Podcast 3 Principles of Design
Define principles of design.
concepts used to arrange the elements of a design/compositionWhat do the principles of design affect?
the message of the work
What is the principle of repetition?
repeating an element of the design throughout the design
Describe ways that the principle of repetition helps the composition/audience.
It controls the reader's eye and keeps attention on the piece
What are ways that you can incorporate repetition into your designs?
repeat font, line, boldness of font, color, design element, spacingWhat should you avoid when working with repetition?do not repeat teh element so much that it becomes overwhelmingWhat is the principle of proportion/scale?the relative size and scale of various elements in a designWhat is the most universal standard of measure when judging size?the human bodyHow can the principle of proportion/scale be used as an attention getter?by making an unexpected scale
What is the principle of balance?the distribution of heavt and light elements on the pageWhich kinds of elements/shapes visually weigh heavier/greater?large elements and irregular shapesWhat is another name for symmetrical balance?formal balanceDefine symmetrical balance.when the weight of a compostion is evenly distributed around a vertical or horizontal axisWhat is another name for asymmetrical balance?informal balanceDefine asymmetrical balance.when the weight is not evenly distributed around an axisWhat is the principle of emphasis?stressing a certain area of focusWhat happens to a design that has no focus?nothing stands outWhat is a focal point and how is it created?A focal point is where a viewer's eye goes first, and it can be created with a sudden change in size, direction, etc.How many components of a composition can be a focal point?oneWhat ways can emphasis be created in a design?with a sudden chnage in size, shape, texutre, direction, color, tone, or lineWhat is the principle of unity?the wholeness of a compositionWhat three ways can unity be obtained?1. by putting objects close to each other
2. by using similar textures
3. by using a line that trvels around the design
What is the principle of variety?the use of differences and diversityWhat ways can a designer add variety to a design?they can use different textures, colors, and shapesWhy is it important to find the right balance between unity and variety?because too much unity creates a boring design and too much variety creates a chaotic feelWhat is figure?a form, silhouette, or shapeWhat is another name for figure?positive spaceWhat is ground?the surrounding area around a figureWhat is another name for ground?negative spaceWhen a composition is abstract (has no recognizable subject) what will the figure depend on? What does that mean?It will depend on the relationship between visual elements, and this is the relationship between positive and negative space.Why must a designer consider the composition as a whole?because the desing needs to look clean and not too busyWhat is the principle of rhythm?a continuity or organixed movement in space and timeHow is rhythm achieved?with orderly repetition os an elementWhat three ways can rhythm occur in a design?1. with similar size of length
2. using an organic sense of movement
3. sequence of shapes
How does rhythm help a composition/design?it controls the viewer's eye movement and add life to the pageWhat is the principle of contrast?2 elements that are differentHow can contrast help a design?it helps to guide the viewer's eyeWhat is wrong with having too much or too little contrast in a design?too much- confusing, too little- boredom
What is the key to working with contrast?make the differences obvious
What are some common ways of creating contrast?
create differences in size, value, color, type, texture, shape, alignment, direction, or movement
concepts used to arrange the elements of a design/compositionWhat do the principles of design affect?
the message of the work
What is the principle of repetition?
repeating an element of the design throughout the design
Describe ways that the principle of repetition helps the composition/audience.
It controls the reader's eye and keeps attention on the piece
What are ways that you can incorporate repetition into your designs?
repeat font, line, boldness of font, color, design element, spacingWhat should you avoid when working with repetition?do not repeat teh element so much that it becomes overwhelmingWhat is the principle of proportion/scale?the relative size and scale of various elements in a designWhat is the most universal standard of measure when judging size?the human bodyHow can the principle of proportion/scale be used as an attention getter?by making an unexpected scale
What is the principle of balance?the distribution of heavt and light elements on the pageWhich kinds of elements/shapes visually weigh heavier/greater?large elements and irregular shapesWhat is another name for symmetrical balance?formal balanceDefine symmetrical balance.when the weight of a compostion is evenly distributed around a vertical or horizontal axisWhat is another name for asymmetrical balance?informal balanceDefine asymmetrical balance.when the weight is not evenly distributed around an axisWhat is the principle of emphasis?stressing a certain area of focusWhat happens to a design that has no focus?nothing stands outWhat is a focal point and how is it created?A focal point is where a viewer's eye goes first, and it can be created with a sudden change in size, direction, etc.How many components of a composition can be a focal point?oneWhat ways can emphasis be created in a design?with a sudden chnage in size, shape, texutre, direction, color, tone, or lineWhat is the principle of unity?the wholeness of a compositionWhat three ways can unity be obtained?1. by putting objects close to each other
2. by using similar textures
3. by using a line that trvels around the design
What is the principle of variety?the use of differences and diversityWhat ways can a designer add variety to a design?they can use different textures, colors, and shapesWhy is it important to find the right balance between unity and variety?because too much unity creates a boring design and too much variety creates a chaotic feelWhat is figure?a form, silhouette, or shapeWhat is another name for figure?positive spaceWhat is ground?the surrounding area around a figureWhat is another name for ground?negative spaceWhen a composition is abstract (has no recognizable subject) what will the figure depend on? What does that mean?It will depend on the relationship between visual elements, and this is the relationship between positive and negative space.Why must a designer consider the composition as a whole?because the desing needs to look clean and not too busyWhat is the principle of rhythm?a continuity or organixed movement in space and timeHow is rhythm achieved?with orderly repetition os an elementWhat three ways can rhythm occur in a design?1. with similar size of length
2. using an organic sense of movement
3. sequence of shapes
How does rhythm help a composition/design?it controls the viewer's eye movement and add life to the pageWhat is the principle of contrast?2 elements that are differentHow can contrast help a design?it helps to guide the viewer's eyeWhat is wrong with having too much or too little contrast in a design?too much- confusing, too little- boredom
What is the key to working with contrast?make the differences obvious
What are some common ways of creating contrast?
create differences in size, value, color, type, texture, shape, alignment, direction, or movement
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